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![]() This Dover edition, first published in 2007, is an unabridged republication of the work originally published by Foreign Languages Publishing House, Moscow, in 1961. The present volume was translated by Martin Milligan, who also supplied notes on Hegelian terminology and most of the footnotes. Engels, translated from the German text contained in Marx-Engels, Gesamtausgabe, Abt. The Appendix to the present volume contains Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy by F. This volume of Karl Marx’s Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 was translated from the German text contained in Marx-Engels, Gesamtausgabe 3 PaHHu npou3βe∂ehu, 1956). ![]() A final part that I must refute - Marx blames the capitalist marketers for keeping the labor class poor by continually expanding the range of products and thus their range of "need." He assumes that (a) they are unable to save instead and that (b) everything produced becomes a legitimate necessity. This work explains the basis of communism, ties it to other economic ideas, and shows how the times produced an ideology as much as the converse. This relates to Marx's doctrine of communism and atheism, both being the ultimate of human realization. (But, in retrospect, we know it is possible for individuals to create their own value-add to their own human capital.) The last third discusses Hegel's abstraction of logic involving spirit and state. It is clear to see how the shift of the times toward mechanization made the human labor seem almost worthless. Later, we see he believes this is oK, because each individual within the species does not, by themselves, matter. Much quoting of Smith, Ricardo and Say, but then seems to re-arrange them into his own outlook that ignores the fundamental unit of decision making: the human individual. Accessible and influential, it is an important predecessor to the Communist Manifesto and essential to an understanding of Marxist theory. ![]() Regarded as one of his most important books, Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 is a first glimpse at Marx's fascinating transition from philosophy to economics. Through a powerful mixture of history and economics, Marx explores the degenerative effect of capitalism on the proletariat and his true human nature. With a focus on "Marxist Humanism," he describes the alienation of laborers in a capitalist system: since the results of their work belong to someone else, they are estranged from their own labor and can never function as freely productive beings. In this concise treatise, Marx presents an indictment of capitalism and its threat to the working man, his sense of self, and his ultimate potential. Combining elements of psychology, sociology, and anthropology, it is a profound examination of the human condition rooted in a philosophy of economics. It highlights how Marx empowers man as capable of resolving the estrangements in the society through the development of both action and cognition.Written in 1844 as a series of notes, Marx's posthumously published critiques on the conditions of modern industrialist societies forms the foundation of the author's denunciation of capitalism. In the end, this study underscores that the Manuscripts’ idealism shows a part in Marx’s thinking that underlines the role cognition plays to address forms of estrangements brought by the structures of private property. Marx further develops this idealism in the texts in his critique of political economy, where he shows that this science is grounded on the estranged need. Through this approach, this study argues that Marx in the Manuscripts conveys an idealist epistemology based on his concept on how human need shapes human cognition. The scope of the study aims to read the texts on their own terms, and through that, avoid the reductive readings of Marx that plague his interpretations. The Manuscripts contain important epistemological remarks that are subject of scholarly debate. This study contributes to the discussion by closely reading the epistemology of the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844. This debate on Marx’s epistemology is divided between realist and idealist interpretation of his texts: the former reads that for Marx knowledge is a copy of an independent reality existing outside of man, while the latter views that for the same philosopher, knowledge is in some sense constructed by the subject. The issue on whether the epistemological view of Engels and the Marxists can be identified to Marx opens the question on what Marx’s actual view on knowledge.
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